Sheikh Saalih Al-Fawzaan حفظه الله تعالى:
"Verily, for this month are (many) virtues. (The Prophet) صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
'The most virtuous of fasts after the month of Ramadan, is the month of Allaah, Al-Muharram.'
So, it is recommended to be plentiful with fasting within it.
And it is also from the (four) sacred months, and it is the month in which the Sahabah chose in the time (rulership) of Umar رضي الله عنه to start the year of Hijrah. So it is a month with (many) virtues.
And from the greatest of its virtues is: That within it is the day of Aashoora, which the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم informed that fasting it expiates the sins of the previous year, and that Musa عليه السلام fasted it out of giving thanks to Allaah when Allaah drowned the Pharoah and his people, so he fasted it out of giving thanks to Allaah عز وجل.
And the Jews fasted it after him. So when the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم came to Madinah as an emigrant, he found the Jews fasting it, so he said: 'What is this fast that you fast?' So, they said: 'It is a day in which Allaah gave strength and might to Musa and his people, and within it Allaah humiliated Pharoah and his people, and Musa fasted it, so we fast it.'
So, he صلى الله عليه وسلم said: 'We have more right to Musa than you.' Or, 'We have precedence to Musa over you.'
So, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم fasted it and ordered to fast it, and so fasting it became a Sunnah Mu'akkadah (a Sunnah which is emphasised and not left). However, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم wanted us to be different to the Jews and so he ordered to fast the day before (alongside it), and it is the 9th (of Muharram), and in a narration, 'or fast a day after it.' But, fasting the 9th is confirmed (in an authentic narration, whereas the 11th is in a weak narration).
So, fast this day, following the example of the Prophets of Allaah; Musa عليه السلام and Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم in fasting it, and it is a day in which Allaah strengthened the Muslims at the hand of Musa عليه السلام, and it is a victory for the Muslims until the establishment of the Hour, and a blessing from Allaah عز وجل, so He is thanked and that is by fasting, so we fast it as a Prophetic Sunnah Mu'akkadah.
So, the Muslims fast the 9th day and fast the 10th day, which is the day of Aashoora, so this Sunnah has preceded into this nation, and all praise is due to Allaah, so make sure to fast it, seeking the reward and recompense and thanking Allaah عز وجل."
https://www.alfawzan.af.org.sa/ar/node/17213
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